＂Science and technology are the primary productive forces＂

　　On September 5th, 1988, when Deng Xiaoping met with Czechoslovakia President Hu Sake, he put forward the famous conclusion that "science and technology are the primary productive forces". On March 13th, 1985, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made the Decision on the Reform of Science and Technology System. The Decision points out that modern science and technology are the most active and decisive factor in the new social productive forces, and the whole party must attach great importance to and give full play to the great role of science and technology. At the same time, it stipulates the main tasks of the current scientific and technological system reform.

　　On March 18th, 1978, in his opening speech at the National Science Conference, Deng Xiaoping pointed out that the key to the four modernizations is the modernization of science and technology, and we should vigorously develop China’s science and technology education. He emphatically expounded the Marxist viewpoint that science and technology are productive forces. On March 7, 1985, he further affirmed the exposition that "science and technology are productive forces" at the national conference on scientific and technological work. In September 1988, he said: "Marx said that science and technology are productive forces, and facts have proved that this statement is correct. In my opinion, science and technology are the primary productive forces. " In the spring of 1992, when he visited the south, he said: "To develop the economy faster, we must rely on science, technology and education. I said that science and technology are the primary productive forces. " "Science and technology are the primary productive forces" is a scientific conclusion drawn by Deng Xiaoping from the perspective of historical materialism epistemology and the development of science and technology in the contemporary world. (People’s Network)

　　On September 5 and 12, 1988, science and technology were the primary productive forces.

　　Excerpts from two conversations with President Hu Sake of Czechoslovakia on September 5, 1988 and listening to a report on the preliminary plan for price and wage reform on September 12, 1988.

　　one

　　The world is changing, so are our thoughts and actions. In the past, I closed myself up and isolated myself. What good did it do to socialism? History is advancing, but we are stagnant and backward. Marx once said that science and technology are productive forces. Facts have proved that this statement is quite correct. In my opinion, science and technology are the primary productive forces. Our fundamental problem is to uphold socialist beliefs and principles, develop productive forces and improve people’s lives. Therefore, we must open to the outside world. Otherwise, it is impossible to adhere to socialism well. Take China as an example. In the 1950s, the technological gap with Japan was not so great. However, we have been closed for 20 years, without putting international market competition on the agenda, while Japan has become an economic power during this period.

　　two

　　In the long run, we should pay attention to education and science and technology. Otherwise, we have already delayed for 20 years, which has affected our development, and we will delay for another 20 years, with disastrous consequences. Recently, when I met Hu Sake, I said that Marx said that science and technology are productive forces, which is very correct. Now it seems that this may not be enough, and I am afraid it is the primary productive force. The way out of agricultural problems in the future will ultimately be solved by bioengineering and by cutting-edge technology. We should fully understand the importance of science and technology. Attention should be paid to investment in science and technology and agriculture, and another is education. We should do everything possible to be patient in other areas, or even sacrifice a little speed to solve the education problem well.

　　Attention should be paid to solving the problem of the treatment of a few senior intellectuals. Mobilize their enthusiasm and respect them, and a group of people will make more contributions. Haven’t we also developed our own atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, satellite and space technology? Our electron-positron collider project is also in the forefront in the world. The treatment of intellectuals should be solved in several years, which makes them feel hopeful. An old professor in Peking University said: "My salary has been so much since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, but now prices have gone up and my living standard has dropped by two-thirds." No matter how difficult it is, we should improve the treatment of teachers. This matter has an international impact. There are tens of thousands of international students, so it is very important to create conditions for them to come back to work. Some international students have no working conditions and institutions to accept them after they come back, and we don’t have some subjects yet. We can set up a comprehensive scientific research center and several specialties, or add some specialties to some existing scientific research institutions and universities, and put these people in it to attack one aspect, and some people will always make great contributions. Otherwise, it’s a pity that these people don’t come back. The use of investment in science and education should be improved, which is also an important part of the reform. To put the "Laojiu" during the "Cultural Revolution" first, science and technology are the primary productive forces, and intellectuals are part of the working class.

　　Of course, what I said here about education, science and technology and intellectuals is as a strategic policy and a strategic measure. In the long run, it is time to solve this problem.

Editor: Li Erqing