Wan Li rivers and mountains are more colorful.
August, Anji, Zhejiang. The mountains are green, the streams are gurgling, and the bamboo sea stretches.
On August 15th, 2005, the then Supreme Leader of Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee visited Yucun, Anji County, and clearly put forward "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" for the first time. On August 15th this year, we ushered in the first National Ecological Day.
Answer sheet, written in the green mountains. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, we have taken the construction of ecological civilization as a fundamental plan related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, and carried out a series of pioneering work with unprecedented determination, strength and effectiveness.
Picture scroll, spread out in the mountains and rivers of Wan Li. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed at the National Ecological Environment Protection Conference that "we should adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, fields, lakes, grass and sand" and "China’s sky is bluer, the land is greener, the water is clearer, and Wan Li’s rivers and mountains are more colorful".
Mountain, water, forest, field, lake, grass and sand … … Wan Li rivers and mountains, splendid china, beautiful territory slowly opened.
Kanshan
Wuyishan, Fujian, is a national park with smarter management and richer biodiversity.
Wuyishan, Fujian, southeast of Qixiujia.
From the air, the mountains are continuous and misty, just like a magnificent landscape painting; Walking in the mountains, the sound of birds and streams is endless. Wild Tibetan Emirates monkeys often "take the lead" and when they are lucky, they can meet silver pheasants.
There is a photo in Ding Hui’s mobile phone, which clearly captures the silver pheasant. Every summer, he always goes to Wuyishan for half a month. In 2021, in order to find out the "family background" and better protect biodiversity, Wuyishan National Park launched a three-year background survey of biological resources, and Ding Hui, a researcher at Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, became the convener. Wearing rain boots and hanging up the camera, groups of investigators shuttled between Wuyishan. "Every time there is a new harvest, Wuyishan always gives us endless surprises." Ding Hui said.
Mountain is one of the ecosystems with the richest biodiversity, and Wuyishan is one of the key areas for biodiversity protection in the world. Up to now, there are 430 species of birds recorded in Wuyishan National Park, and nearly a quarter of the birds in China can be found here.
Walking into the Wuyishan National Park Wisdom Management Center, a huge blue screen is particularly eye-catching. The data of ecological resources monitoring, park management patrol and other rolling updates, dialogue with mountain rangers, and real-time pictures of various scenic spots can be checked with one button … … "Relying on satellite remote sensing and other technologies, the protection of Wuyishan National Park has added new strength." The staff touched the mouse and zoomed in. "Look, you can also observe rare animals here!"
This year, a scenic road with a total length of about 251 kilometers around the national park has become a popular punching place, connecting Wuyishan with surrounding scenic spots, historical and cultural attractions and villages in turn. This is one of the achievements of Nanping City’s construction of the protection and development zone around Wuyishan National Park since 2021.
In addition to a large area of "green", the scenic road of the garage has added bright colors in the past six months. Wuyishan Forestry Bureau replanted broad-leaved trees such as cherry blossoms, Liquidambar formosana and Sapium sebiferum in a single coniferous forest. "When you come to Wuyishan, you can not only see the mountains, but also enjoy the scenery along the road." Director Li Fazhi said.
The scenic road caught fire and traveled along the way — — Go to Xingcun to see the tea garden, to Wufu to enjoy the lotus flowers, and to enjoy tea in front of Qinglong Waterfall … … Walking into a farmhouse in Nanyuanling Village, the tea is full of fragrance and laughter. During the hot cup, the villager Chen Jinhui was busy welcoming and sending a group of guests. "The ecology is good, there are many tourists, and the rooms are full every day. We have a good life at home! " After that, a hearty laugh echoed in the mountains.
Look at the water
Wujiang River in Guizhou, coordinated management of the whole basin, one river with clear water flowing eastward.
Wujiang River, Guizhou. The clear river is like a bright green ribbon, winding and spreading in the middle of Guizhou.
Upstream, Huawu Village. The northern and southern sources of Wujiang River meet in this Miao village, and the mighty rivers, steep mountains and traditional houses are integrated. Accompanied by the cool river breeze, Yang Wenli, the post-1995 embroidered mother, smiles and shows Miao Xiu’s works to tourists.
Downstream, Sinan County. The Egret Lake on the Wujiang River reaches the most beautiful season. The verdant mountains, blue sky and white clouds are reflected in the clear water of a river, and groups of waterfowl dance. Zhao Anrong swims on the water in a speedboat, so happy.
Huawu village is located in Wujiang source baili gallery scenic spot. Facing the Wujiang River, this once deeply impoverished village has now become a well-known eco-tourism village. Camping on the top of the mountain gives you a panoramic view of Liuchong River Canyon. Taking a boat on the river, the scenery is beautiful; Walk into the farmhouse, taste the special food, and enjoy Miao Xiu and batik … …
Zhao Anrong, the driver of Egret Lake, used to be a fish farmer. "At that time, the water was full of cages, and a large amount of feed was put in, which made the river very turbid." Fish farming has made money, but the water quality is getting worse day by day, and Lao Zhao is not practical in his heart. In 2016, Sinan County started the cage cleaning for the Wujiang River section, so that Egret Lake was able to recuperate, and the Wujiang River water gradually recovered its former beauty. Taking the lead in dismantling the cage, Lao Zhao bought a small speedboat with the prize money and had an eco-tourism meal at home.
"The county has issued a policy to give priority to supporting fishermen to develop ecological tea, camellia oleifera, fruits and vegetables, and everyone has embarked on the development path of ecological wealth." Zhao anrong said.
Starting from Sinan County, along the Wujiang River for more than 200 kilometers, you will arrive at wujiang town, Bozhou District, Zunyi City. Here, an originally inconspicuous "No.34 Spring Eye of Wujiang River" hides the governance "password" behind the clear water of Wujiang River.
Wujiang River Basin is rich in phosphate rock resources. At one time, a large amount of waste residue produced by coastal phosphorus chemical enterprises brought serious pollution to Wujiang water body. In order to stop the phosphorus-containing sewage from the slag yard from infiltrating into Wujiang River, Guiyang Kailin Fertilizer Co., Ltd. built a sewage treatment station at No.34 spring, which can treat up to 14,000 cubic meters of sewage per hour. However, if the water rises in rainy days, the sewage that cannot be disposed of will still flow into Wujiang River along the underground caves.
After half a year’s reconnaissance, the water gushing point near No.34 spring was finally found. In May last year, Guizhou Phosphating Group, a subsidiary of Kailin Fertilizer Co., Ltd., invested 55 million yuan to build the Golden Bridge sewage emergency treatment facility project at the gushing place. When the water volume increases, the project can be started to quickly dispose of sewage, effectively blocking the risk point of polluting Wujiang River. At present, the water quality in Guizhou section of Wujiang River has improved year by year, and the water quality in the main stream has reached Class II standard, and the overall water quality in the basin is excellent.
Under the common protection of the whole basin, the Wujiang River flows into Higashi Shimizu. The water is clear, and the days of ordinary people are brighter.
Kanlin
Yichun, Heilongjiang Province, accurately improve forest quality and develop under-forest economy.
Yichun, Heilongjiang, the hinterland of Xiaoxing ‘anling, has a vast forest.
Walking through the forest, the breeze blows over the treetops, and a smell of earth strikes. Looking up, Korean pine, spruce and Juglans mandshurica are towering, and ginseng seedlings, acanthopanax senticosus and Schisandra chinensis are scattered evenly in the mountains.
There is a touch of "camouflage green" beating between the mountains. Take a closer look, Zhang Mao Lin, deputy director of Xishui Forest Farm, is leading the daily patrol of the forest protection class! Two or three times a week, anti-theft logging, anti-illegal hunting, fire prevention into the mountains … … "Going up the mountain to protect the forest every year, I have long had deep feelings for these Woods." While speaking, Zhang Maolin found that the pine needles of a pine tree were yellow and fell off. He opened the mobile phone APP to take photos and mark them, and the information was immediately transmitted to the Yichun Forest Industry Application Sub-center of Longjiang Forest and Grass Data Center and the Yichun Forest Fire Prevention and Control Dispatching Command Center.
Xishui Forest Farm belongs to Yichun Forest Industry Shangganling Forestry Bureau Company. "This is a low degraded forest. Since 2021, it has become what it is today through tending and thinning, replanting and greening." Wang Qingshan, secretary of the Party Committee of the company, said, "This half-slope land has no shelter, and a Korean pine is replanted. The little black birch next to two oak trees was cut down because of its poor growth and competition for nutrients. " Between one compensation and one cutting, afforestation is no longer won by quantity, but scientific and fine, and the quality is improved. In Shangganling Forestry Bureau Company, such a precise improvement project of forest quality will be implemented this year with an area of about 20,000 mu.
Zhang Maolin’s wife, Li Fenge, is a good hand in forest tending — — Carrying a sickle on your back, weeding and cutting vines can raise two or three acres of land a day. The couple are used to the days of keeping forests and protecting forests. Unexpectedly, in recent years, they have also started a "sweet" industry — — In 2017, 130 greenhouses were built in Xishui Forest Farm, and new techniques of melon planting were introduced. They took the lead in contracting 4 greenhouses. "Nearly half of the melons can be sold at home." Li Fenge said.
From "one forest alone" to "multi-industry simultaneously", people in forest areas have won the "new rice bowl" of eco-tourism, forest food and Lindu northern medicine.
At noon, on the street of Xishui Farmhouse, the newly-built "Drunken Butterfly Valley" attracted tourists to punch in; Across the street, more than 20 farmhouses are full of fragrance. Go east along the street and enter Xishui National Forest Park. There are forest pastures, picking parks and starry homestay &hellip newly built in recent two years. … Liu Yangshun, a former lumberjack, also collected saws and axes and set up a "Yangshun Farmhouse".
Now, Yichun West Station will be connected with high-speed rail, and three main roads around Xishui Forest Farm have been expanded and repaired one after another … … Liu Tongshun’s son, Liu Tongtao, while frying the black fungus produced by the forest farm, said: "If the environment is good, more tourists can be attracted. The policy is good, and the old forest area has also taken a new path. "
Kantian
Jilin pear tree, carry out conservation tillage and protect the "giant panda in cultivated land"
Jilin pear tree, on the black land, the corn as far as the eye can see is nearly two meters high.
In the air, drones equipped with Beidou satellite navigation system hover to accurately carry out "flying defense" operations; In the field, the monitoring station uses sensing equipment to monitor various indicators of the soil in real time, and farmers can "patrol the field with one button" by clicking the screen of their mobile phones at home.
Shaye squatted in the field and collected corn root samples with several classmates. This is a conservation tillage experimental field of "Science and Technology Small Courtyard" in cooperation between Lishu County and China Agricultural University, and Shaye, a graduate student of China Agricultural University, is the head of the Science and Technology Small Courtyard.
Looking along the profile of the black soil of the collected samples, the root system of the corn is tied down to a depth of more than 1 meter, and the black soil layer about 50 cm thick at the top is clearly visible. There are large and small holes in the dark soil, and a few earthworms move swiftly. "When the soil organic matter content is high, there will be earthworms." Yang Qingkui, the head of Kangda Agricultural Machinery Farmers’ Professional Cooperative, picked up a handful of black soil, which was soft and shiny.
"Most areas of pear trees are plains. In the past, when the wind blew, a layer of black soil on the surface was blown away, not to mention the heartache." Wang Guiman, stationmaster of Lishu County Agricultural Technology Extension Station, said. In order to protect the black land, the "giant panda in cultivated land", in 2007, Lishu County cooperated with China Academy of Sciences, China Agricultural University and other scientific research institutions to explore conservation farming techniques, and later formed a "pear tree model" including straw mulching, mechanical planting, rotation fallow and scale management — — After the autumn harvest, the corn stalks are "high stubble" and returned to the field, which can store water and preserve moisture; After the left straw decays, the organic matter content in the soil is increased and the soil fertility is improved.
The results have been gradually highlighted, and the once-thinned and hardened black land has reappeared. According to estimates, compared with traditional farming methods, the plots adopting "pear tree model" have an average yield increase of 8% to 10%; Since 2020, more than 80% of cultivated land in Lishu County has been protected by farming.
In recent years, the "pear tree model" has been continuously upgraded. "Since the implementation of the Black Land Protection Law last year, Lishu County has actively explored returning straw and manure to the field and building a planting and breeding cycle system." Zhang Yingnan, director of the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Lishu County, said, "Protecting black land ‘ Quilt ’ The thicker the cover, the thicker it is. "
Look at the lake
In Erhai Lake, Yunnan, the water ecology is improving, and Jingmei guests come by themselves.
Yunnan. Cangshan does not paint for a thousand years, and Erhai has a string-free guqin.
The sun shines on the lake through the clouds, and the seaweed flowers are in full bloom, just like stars. The flowers on the lake, the grass in the water and the fish and shrimp playing among the grass attracted many waterfowl and tourists to take pictures again and again.
Today, the transparency of Erhai Lake is more than two meters, and the water quality has been evaluated as "excellent" for many years, creating conditions for the restoration of aquatic vegetation such as cauliflower. Hydrilla verticillata, Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton bambusae … … This year, the area of "underwater forest" in Erhai Lake has increased by nearly two square kilometers compared with last year.
Strolling along the Erhai Lake, Zhao Guolong, director of the Erhai River Basin Administration Bureau of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, complained of "sweet troubles": "The water ecology of Erhai Lake is steadily improving, and the number of fish is increasing. How to scientifically regulate the fish population and restore health ‘ Grass algae fish paste ’ The ecosystem has become a new topic. "
The improvement of water quality in the lake comes from the decrease of the load entering the lake on the shore. Thanks to engineering measures such as sewage interception around the lake, urban and rural domestic sewage in Erhai River Basin has been systematically treated. In order to reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, Gusheng Village on the edge of Erhai Lake bid farewell to the flood and fertilizer. The tail water of the 500-mu paddy field managed by villager He Licheng was temporarily stored in the self-built reservoir pond, and the scattered ditch tail water would enter the reservoir pond in the village. After being absorbed by grass and calamus, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased to a limited value before passing through the village again. There is another big bend on the Erhai Lake. After the wetland settlement and cobblestone filtration, a stream of clear water enters Erhai Lake. Today, 48,000 mu of constructed wetlands guard Erhai Lake in this way.
Jingmeike comes by himself. From Dali Railway Station to Gusheng Village, Wanqiao Town, Dali City, vehicles stop and go all the way; Under the banyan tree, beside the stage, in the center of Gusheng Village, there are so many tourists in summer that it is hard to find a room in the inn … … A few years ago, Dali’s strong men broke their wrists and carried out the ecological relocation of villages along the lake. The people along the lake bid farewell to the traditional production and lifestyle and turned to participate in tourism and serve tourists. Erhai Lake, which is becoming more and more beautiful, has made everyone embark on a new way of getting rich through eco-tourism.
"If the ecology is good, there will be an ecological tour." He Licheng, who experienced the transformation, said with emotion, "Protecting Erhai Lake will make life better!"
Look at the grass
Suining Town, Ningxia, extends the industrial chain of fungi and grass, and "happy grass" is also "ecological grass"
Ningxia, Min Ning Town.
The fungus grass, more than 3 meters high, has green and straight stems, as if it were going through the roof. Looking up, the leaves are slender and shaped like corn; Looking down, the developed roots go deep into the ground and firmly "grab" the land. Covering an area of one and a half acres, there are more than 2,300 strains of fungus and grass in the greenhouse of the horticultural village facilities. Walking in the meantime is like entering a virgin forest.
"Plant once and harvest continuously for 15 years." In the greenhouse, Yuan Juncheng, a villager in the horticultural village, opened the drip irrigation valve, accompanied by the sound of "rumbling" machines, and the water flow brought fertilizer directly to the roots of seedlings. Stroking the leaves of the fungus grass, Yuan Juncheng was full of pride. "Such carefully managed fungus grass can grow 6-mdash a day at jointing stage; 8 cm, you can still produce two seasons a year. It is much more cost-effective to make cattle and sheep feed than silage corn. "
In 1997, Lin Zhanyi, the chief scientist of the National Fungus and Grass Engineering Technology Research Center, led a team to Ningxia and planted six boxes of fungus and grass seedlings in the Gobi Desert of Suining Town, where there were no birds in the sky and no grass on the ground. Relying on the demonstration base of mushroom grass technology for poverty alleviation established later, the people who moved here from Gudashan Mountain in Xihai learned to grow Agaricus bisporus with mushroom grass and tasted the sweetness of industrial poverty alleviation for the first time. The fungus grass that helps to get rid of poverty is also called "happy grass" by local people.
With the reputation of "happy grass", fungus grass has been given a new mission of "ecological grass". "The fungus root system is developed and has wide adaptability, and it can grow rapidly on sloping land, sandy land and saline-alkali land." Huang Guoyong, a professor at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, who was the captain of the technical poverty alleviation task force stationed in Ningxia, said with emotion, "The tall fungus grass has caught the wind and sand and taken root in the Gobi Desert."
Minning town has changed from a deserted beach to an oasis, and the fungus and grass also set out from here, to the banks of the Yellow River and to the depths of the mountains. In the yellow land of Xihaigu, fungi and weeds have become a sharp weapon for local soil and water conservation and a ballast stone for the development of aquaculture; In the saline-alkali land of Shizuishan, the construction of mushroom science and technology innovation industrial park is in full swing, which will expand the value of mushroom to more fields such as "replacing coal with grass" and "replacing grain with grass" … … After years of breeding and innovation, its function has also expanded from the initial mushroom cultivation to mushroom feed, mushroom fertilizer and mushroom biomass energy development.
Tuanjie village, on the southern edge of Mu Us sandy land, has desertification and is short of irrigation water. "The fungus grass has strong drought resistance, which can not only fix sand, but also be a very high-quality forage." Squatting next to the freshly harvested fungus grass pile, Wang Zhiwu, the first secretary of tuanjie village in Haojiaqiao Town, lingwu city, rubbed his fingers and settled accounts. "Since the introduction of fungus grass in the village, there is no shortage of feed, and the profit margin of raising cattle is large. Next year, this cowshed can be bigger!"
Fungi and grass take root in Gobi, and happiness stretches for thousands of families.
See the sand
Gansu Gulang Babusha Forest Farm, three generations relay, scientific management of sand control and greening.
Gulang, Gansu, Babusha Forest Farm. The scattered sand plants have been integrated with the rolling sand dunes, reaching deep into the desert and stopping the desert erosion.
At 4: 30 in the morning, Guo Xi got up on time. Planting green, protecting seedlings and watering … … As the third-generation sand control man of "Babusha" six old men, Guo Xi’s eight spring and autumn flickers by. Recently, there was a piece of plaster on my calluses’ hands. "It doesn’t matter, it doesn’t affect my work."
"In the forest farm, there are three points and seven points in charge, and management and protection are the top priority." In the new era, digital twinning technology has been applied in Babusha Forest Farm, integrating civil air defense and technical defense, and effectively improving the level of management and protection. In a sand-closed forest management and protection station in Babusha Forest Farm, ranger Ma Shengrong turned on his mobile phone, and the application of new technologies such as remote monitoring and infrared imaging realized all-weather patrol.
In Babusha, not only technology but also ideas have changed. In the past, shepherds were "justified" and rangers came forward to persuade them, but no one would listen; Nowadays, the ecological concept is gradually gaining popularity, and stealing grazing rarely happens.
Looking back along the long river of time, it is not easy to control sand, and it is even more difficult to control eight steps of sand. Babusha lives at the eastern end of Hexi Corridor, at the southern edge of Tengger Desert. In 1981, "Six Old Men" carried a bedroll on his back, lifted a dry food bag, took "Diwozi" as his home, and relied on a few hands to control sand. After more than 10 years of hard work, he planted 42,000 mu of desert.
The "six old men" have white hair and the "Babusha" desert is green. From one generation to three generations, from the initial "one tree, a handful of grass" to "grass grid+sandy seedlings", and then to "integration of fixation, management, protection and maintenance", Babusha Forest Farm has been exploring in practice, effectively improving the progress and engineering quality of sand prevention and control. Up to now, 287,000 mu of sand control and afforestation have been completed in Babusha, and 430,000 mu of land has been protected, so that 100,000 mu of farmland around it has been protected, and the transition zone from oasis to desert has been pushed northward for 30 kilometers as a whole.
Walking into the "Six Old Men" Sand Control Memorial Hall in Babusha, old photos remind the newcomers that the green of the desert is hard to come by; Standing in the sand control point of Yanwozi, looking at the fruits of Elaeagnus angustifolia, Guo Wangang, the second generation of sand control person, took a deep breath. "Babusha has planted more than 60 million seedlings of various sand plants such as flower sticks, Caragana korshinskii and Elaeagnus angustifolia. In the future, there will be more than 60 million seedlings that will take root here. "
The eight-step sand control people have built a new "Green Great Wall" on the map of the "Three North" project.
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The achievements of ecological civilization construction in the new era have attracted worldwide attention, and the next five years will be an important period for the construction of beautiful China. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized at the National Ecological Environmental Protection Conference that "the construction of beautiful China should be comprehensively promoted and the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature should be accelerated".
Support high-quality development with high-quality ecological environment. On the new journey, hundreds of millions of people in China are painting more colorful new pictures of the rivers and mountains in Wan Li.
(Reporter Chen Juan, Zhang Ye, Wang Yixin, Cheng Huan, Zhang Yikai, Zheng Zhiwen, Yang Wenming, Qin Ruijie, Wang Jintao)